Your reply shows just how poorly thought-out you are. I don't read ANY alt-right, KKK or sites like those. I don't listen to the talking heads either.
I take a step back and look at the big picture. I see what's going on. You seem incapable of doing that.
Yes, I know what happened in the Americas. It's no different than what happened all around the planet since the beginning of civilization. You do realize that was the way of humanity for millennia, right? Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Persian Empire, Genghis Khan, the dynasties of China, tribes in Africa, Mongols, Ottoman Empire, etc.
Anyone who has studied history knows this was the way of the world.
No matter what civilization got conquered, the men got killed or enslaved, the women were raped, enslaved, or killed, and the same with the children. You act as if you are special to world. You aren't. You are just a remnant of the group of black people to have experienced it on a large scale in North America.
Skin color is irrelevant. Black people in Africa are currently enslaving black women, ******* them, removing their clitorises, etc. in the name of Islam. Where's your outrage? You focus it on the ancestors of the white people living today because you have been brainwashed by media to think we're the same people.
We aren't. You are wrong. You need to step back and look at what's really going on.
Oh... and one more thing. Half my ancestors were farmers in the north during the time of slavery here, and they never owned slaves. They fought for the North to end slavery. The other half came here from Ireland after slavery was abolished. So you are being a racist again by trying to group all whites into a single category.
Summary:
Female Genital *******/Cutting (GM/C) is a destructive, invasive procedure that is usually performed on girls before puberty. As a minimum, part or all of each girl's clitoris or the clitoral hood is surgically removed. This leaves them with reduced or no sexual feeling. Orgasms are sometimes impossible to experience later in life. Many health problems result from the surgery.
GM/C originated in Africa. It was, and remains,
a long-standing cultural practice. However, where it is practiced, it is often reinforced by local religious leaders.
Among individuals and groups opposed to the cutting, FM/C is seen as a method of reducing the sexual response of women in order to make them less likely to become sexually active before marriage or to seek extra-marital affairs after marriage.
To some who promote the operation, it is seen as a cultural requirement that has health benefits and makes women more physically beautiful. These views are not shared by medical experts or in the rest of the world.
The operation is ****** on approximately 6,000 girls per day, worldwide -- about one every 15 seconds. GM/C is often practiced when the girls are young, when they are incapable of giving their informed consent.
What the GM/C procedure involves:
Female Genital ******* and Cutting (GM/C) is practiced in many forms. In order of increasing severity, they are:
| Type 1: Sunna ******* in which the prepuce (the clitoral covering or hood) is removed, along with part or all of the clitoris. This is called Clitoridectomy, Sunna, meaning removal of the clitoris in the tradition of the Prophet Mohammed. It is called "Sunna Kashfa" (Open Sunna) in Sudan. This is found most commonly in West African countries like Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. |
| Type 2: Excision: The entire clitoris and prepuce are removed, along with all or part of the labia minora. This is called "Sunna Magatia" (Closed Sunna) in Sudan. It is most commonly found in Burkina Faso and Sudan. |
| Type 3: Infibulation (a.k.a. Pharaonic or Sudanese *******. This involves removal of the clitoris and prepuce, followed by sewing up of the vulva. A small opening is left to allow urine and ******* ******* to pass. 8 A second operation is done later in life to reverse some of the damage. In some cultures, the woman is cut open by her husband on their wedding night with a double edged dagger. In order to prevent infidelity, she may be sewn up again if her husband leaves on a long trip. It is most commonly practiced in Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Somalia and Sudan. 9 |
There are also various other practices, including stretching of the clitoris and/or labia, burning of the clitoris and adjacent tissues by cauterization, scraping of the vaginal orifice, cutting the vagina, placing corrosive substances or herbs in the vaginal in order to tighten it, etc.
Because of poverty and lack of medical facilities, the procedure is frequently done under less than hygienic conditions -- often by non-medically trained personnel, and usually without anesthesia. Razor blades, knives or scissors are typically the instruments used.
In the rural Mossi areas of Burkina Faso, group GM/C operations are scheduled every three years in many villages. Girls aged from 5 to 8 are assembled by their mothers into groups of up to 20. The cutting:
In some areas of Africa, GM/C is delayed until two months before a woman gives birth. This practice is based on the belief that the baby will die if she/he comes into contact with their mom's clitoris during birth. We are unaware of any medical evidence to support this belief. If it did happen, then ******* mortality would be very common in developed countries. In other areas, GM/C is performed on infants before their first birthday, or much later during adolescence.
Side effects of the operation can include: intense pain, hemorrhage, shock, painful scars, keloid formation, labial adherences, clitoral cysts, chronic urinary infection, and chronic pelvic infections. Later in life, it can cause kidney stones, sterility, sexual dysfunction, depression, and various gynecological and obstetric problems.
Where is it practiced?
Unfortunately, few statistical studies have been made; only rough estimates are available of the frequency with which GM/C is performed in some countries. One source
1 estimates that
90% or more of the girls in Djibouti, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Sudan (North) have been cut. The same source indicates that most girls in Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria and Togo have undergone GM/C.
The
FGM Education and Networking Project maintains a
regularly updated list of countries, population groups, and the types of operation performed. There are over 30 million genitally cut women currently living in Nigeria, and about 24 million in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Various groups estimate that from 114 to 130 million women alive today worldwide have been cut. GM/C is outlawed in some countries where it had been once widely practiced, such as Kenya and Senegal. It is criminalized in some western countries, where it is normally practiced only by a small number of recent immigrants.
During 2013, UNICEF documented their estimates of GM/C prevalence in 29 countries in Africa in the Middle East:
The procedure has been banned in several African nations, including Burkina Faso, Djibouti, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal, and Togo.
12
It is also practiced in Western India and in some other Asian countries.
Dawoodi Bohra is a sub sect of Shia Islam. The group originated in Yemen during the 11th century and migrated to India in the 1500s. They are estimated to total 1.5 to two million in number, and live mainly in Gujarat and Maharashtra states on the west coast of India, as well as in Pakistan.Their term for GM/C is "khatna." Some members of the community who are opposed of GM/C have formed "Sahiyo," an organization to study the practice and reduce its prevalence. The group's name means "Friends." Their community survey was released in 2017-FEB. It sampled 385 Bohra women around the world and found that 80% of them have undergone GM/C. Of the 18 women in Canada who took part in the survey, two said that they were mutilated while
in Canada! (Canada added the practice to the "aggravated assult" category in its Criminal Code two decades ago.)
14
With refugees and immigration becoming common from countries where GM/C is practiced, the procedure is spreading to Europe, North America, and elsewhere.
References used:
Many of the web sites referenced in the preparation of his essay have already gone offline.
- Sami A. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, "To ******* in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision" Available on line at: http://www.hollyfeld.org/
- Research, Action and Information Network for Bodily Integrity of Women (RAINBO) specializes in programs to eliminate GM/C. They list many books and reports for sale at low prices. They also loan videos. See: http://www.rainbo.org/
- Sami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahleih, "To ******* in the Name of Jehovah or Allah," at: http://almashriq.hiof.no/
- Wolf Leslau, "Coutumes et croyances des Falachas (Juifs d'Abyssinie)," Institut d'Ethnographie, Paris, (1957), Page 93.
- "FGM: Religion," Amnesty International, at: http://www.amnesty.org/
- Private Email, received 2000-DEC-30.
- "Changing a harmful social convention: Female Genital *******/cutting," UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Page 31, at: http://www.unicef-irc.org/ This is a PDF file.
- The Female Genital ******* Research Homepage contained a complete review of GM/C. The web site appears to have been abandoned.
- Sophie Poldermans, "Combating Female Genital ******* in Europe," Page 50, at: www.stopfgm.net/ This is a PDF file.
- B. Taverne, "Ethics and communication strategy: female circumcision and AIDS in Burkina Faso", (1996). On line at: http://melusine.mpl.orstom.fr/ Also offline.
- Image modified from UNICEF's original by Johnuniq. It was downloaded from Wikipedia. [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons See: https://commons.wikimedia.org/
- "28 on trial in France for female genital *******," Reuters, 1999-FEB-02
- Harinder Baweja, "India's Dark Secret," Hindustan Times, undated, at: http://www.hindustantimes.com/static/
- "Women in Ismaili Muslim sect say they have had FGM in Canada," The Toronto Star, 2017-AUG-21, at: https://www.thestar.com/